MultiCare Health System

Diagnosing the Disease

Unfortunately, there is no single test that can accurately diagnose cancer. Your primary care physician will discuss your symptoms and condition and determine what type of testing or specialist referrals are necessary. Among the common tests are:
 
• Blood tests to evaluate electrolytes, liver and kidney function, presence of infection, tumor markers (chemicals released by a tumor), and/or genetic testing. (Genetic counseling may be recommended to families that are found or suspected to have an inherited predisposition of developing cancer in order to identify other family members who may be at increased risk.)
 
• Ultrasound (or sonography), which is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves and a computer to create images of blood vessels, tissues and organs. Ultrasound is used to view internal organs as they function, and to assess blood flow through various vessels. Tumors in the abdomen, liver and kidneys can often be seen with ultrasound.
 
• Biopsy of the tumor involves removing a sample of tissue for microscopic examination. Because there are so many types of cancer, biopsies are often necessary for proper diagnosis.
 
• Bone scans are often utilized to detect tumors and bone abnormalities. X-rays are taken of the bone following injection of a dye that is absorbed by bone tissue.
 
• X-rays use invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bone, and organs onto film. X-rays may be taken of any part of the body to detect cancer cells.

• Computerized Tomography Scan (CAT) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to produce horizontal and vertical cross-sectional images of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat and organs. CT scans are more detailed than general X-rays.
 
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) utilizes a combination of large magnets, radio frequencies and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body. 

• Surgery may be necessary to perform a biopsy, remove tumors, remove entire organs affected by disease, and to look for tumors that may not be detected with diagnostic imaging.